Biotech
Primer

A researcher's first step in transferring DNA is to "cut" or remove a gene segment from a chain of DNA using enzyme "scissors" to cut at a specific site along the DNA strand.

The researcher then uses these "scissors" to cut an opening into the plasmid -- the ring of DNA often found in bacteria outside of a cell. Next, the researcher "pastes" or places the gene segment into the plasmid. Because the cut ends of both the plasmid and the gene segment are chemically "sticky," they attach to each other, forming a plasmid containing the new gene. To complete the process, researchers use another enzyme to paste or secure the new gene in place.

Decades of research have allowed Monsanto specialists to apply their knowledge of genetics to improve various crops, such as maize, soya beans, oilseed rape, cotton and potatoes.

Our researchers continue to work carefully to ensure that improved crops are the same as current crops, except for the addition of one beneficial trait, such as resistance to a particular insect or virus.